Conditional sentence āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ¸āĻšāĻœ āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽ āĻœেāĻ¨ে āĻ¨িāĻ¨

Conditional Sentence
Conditional sentence āĻāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°āĻ­েāĻĻঃ Conditional sentence āĻšাāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°।
āĻ¨িāĻšে āĻāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¨াāĻ˛ী āĻ‰āĻĻাāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸āĻš āĻŦāĻ°্āĻŖāĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ˛ো।

1. Zero conditional: āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻšিāĻ°āĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¯ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¤āĻŦে if + present indefinite, present indefinite 
a) If water freezes, it turns into ice.
b) If sun rises, darkness disappears.
c) Darkness disappears if sun rises

Conditional sentence āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ¸āĻšāĻœ āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽ

2. First conditional: if + present indefinite, sub + will/can/may/must/will be able to + V1
Sub + will/can/may/must/will be able to + V1 + if + present indefinite
a) If I find his address, I will write him.
b) we will make the negotiation if he wants.
c) If you work hard, you will be able to pass.

3. Second conditional: if + past indefinite, subject + would/could/might + V1
→ Sub + would/could/might + V1 + if + past indefinite
a) If I found his address, I would write him.
b) If you came, I would go.
c) If I had money, I would help the poor.

4. Third conditional: if + past perfect, Sub + could/ would/ might + have + V3
→ Sub + could/ would/ might + have + V3 + if + past perfect
a) If he had come, I would have helped him.
b) If the man had found my address, he would have written me.
c) You could have passed if you had worked hard.

āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨ো āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨ো third conditional āĻ if āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¨া। āĻ¸েāĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে had sentence āĻāĻ° āĻļুāĻ°ুāĻ¤ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨:-
a) had I read the book, I would have known many unknown things.
b) had we taken the decision, you could have fallen in distress.
c) had he come, I would have met him.

Note: conditional sentence āĻ be verb āĻšিāĻ¸াāĻŦে āĻ¸āĻ°্āĻŦāĻĻা were āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšā§Ÿ।
d) If I was a king, I would help you. (incorrect) 
  If I were a king, I would help you. (correct)
e) If he was in the meeting, we would able to make the negotiation. (incorrect)
  If he were in the meeting, we would be able to make the negotiation. (correct)
Note: Conditional sentence āĻ connector āĻšিāĻ¸াāĻŦে in case, unless, provided that āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে।
a) Give him your telephone number in case he gets lost.
b) I will lend you money provided that you will return it.
c) Respect your parents in case they are very old.

āĻ¤āĻŦে unless āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŸি negative āĻšāĻ“āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻ†āĻ° āĻ•োāĻ¨ negative word āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ¯াāĻŦে āĻ¨া।

a) Unless he does not come, I will go there. (incorrect)
  Unless he comes, I will go there. (correct)
b) You will fail in the exam unless you don’t work hard. (incorrect)
  You will fail in the exam unless you work hard. (correct)

Your turn: difficulty level: fill in the blanks with correct form of verb
1. What would have happened if the bridge........ ? (break)
2. Maeen would never have taken the job if he........  the bank job course (do) 
3. He........  arrested if he had tried to leave the country (be)
4. This could have happened if I.......... to the place. (go) 
5. If I had known you were coming, I........  to the station.(go)
6. He will carry an umbrella in case it........  (rain)
7. If he.........hard, he could have passed in the exam.(work)
8. If he........  in time, we would meet him (come)l
9. If you heat ice, it........  (melt) 
10. If I had a typewriter, I........  myself. (type)
11. I would go if he........  (come) 
12. If I were you, I........  the situation more carefully. (handle)
13. I........  you, if I could. (help)
14. If a ruby is heated it........  its colour temporarily. (lose)
15. He......... To see us if he had been able to. (come)
16. If I had not intervened at the right moment, Jim........  (arrest)
17. I......... Your photograph if I had a camera. (take)
18. If I knew the answer, I......... You. (tell)
19. If he runs fast, he........  the prize. (win)
20. If I were a bird, I........  in the sky. (fly)
21. If he........ you, he would not do that.(known)
22. Had I known the truth,I........ you. (tell)
23. This could have worked if I.........been more far sighted. (have)
24. If my brother were here, he.........what to do. (know)
25. If we practiced speaking English, we........ better. (speak)

26. If he had the money, he........  a car.(buy)
27. Had I been rich, I.........the poor. (help)
28. Had I been In your station, I........ your offer. (accept)
29. If you........ one box, you would receive another one. (buy)
30. If he........ science before, he would not have found it so difficult to understand. (study)
31. Had he invited me, I........  to the party. (go)
32. If you wanted, I.........you. (help)
33. what would have happened if the plane........ (crash)
34. Had I been in your shoes,........ the job.(accept)
35. Balaka.........on a trip to rajshahi if he had time.(go)
36. had I been rich, I........ him.(help)
37. Had I the wings of a bird,I.........in the sky.(fly)
38. If they had left already, he..........us.(call)
39. If your sister........, she would come. (invite)
40. If I had enough time, I.........for you.(wait)
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Article āĻ•ি? Article āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ¸āĻšāĻœ āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽ āĻœেāĻ¨ে āĻ¨িāĻ¨

Article āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ˛েঃ A, An āĻāĻŦং The āĻ•ে article āĻŦāĻ˛ে। āĻ•াāĻ°্āĻ¯ āĻ“ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻ¤্āĻ¤ি āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ¯াāĻ¯়ী āĻ‡āĻšাāĻ°া āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤: adjective āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻĒāĻ°িāĻ—āĻŖিāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়। āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ‡āĻšাāĻ°া Noun āĻ•ে qualify (āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ) āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻ¤āĻŦে adjective āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে article āĻāĻ° āĻĒাāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ•্āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻ¯়েāĻ›ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨:-
i. Adjective āĻāĻ° degree of comparison āĻ†āĻ›ে āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু article āĻāĻ° degree of comparison āĻ¨েāĻ‡।
ii. āĻ…āĻ§িāĻ•াংāĻļ Adjective predicate verb āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু article predicate āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻ¨া।

Article āĻĻুāĻ‡ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°।
i) Indefinite
ii) Definite

Indefinite Article
A āĻāĻŦং An āĻ•ে Indefinite Article āĻŦāĻ˛ে āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি, āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻŖী āĻ“ āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুāĻ•ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¯়। Singular Countable Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে a/an āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻĻিāĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে a āĻāĻŦং an āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻĒাāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ•্āĻ¯ āĻ¨েāĻ‡। āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻĻিāĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ‡āĻšাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻĒাāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ•্āĻ¯ āĻ¨েāĻ‡। āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻĻিāĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ‡āĻšাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻĒাāĻ°্āĻĨāĻ•্āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻ¯়েāĻ›ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨:
He bought a pen.
The boy took an egg.

Definite Article
The āĻ•ে Definite Article āĻŦāĻ˛ে āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ‡āĻšা āĻāĻ• āĻŦা āĻāĻ•াāĻ§িāĻ• āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ু āĻŦা āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻŖীāĻ•ে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¯়। Definite Article, Singular āĻāĻŦং Plural āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯় āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ° Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻŦāĻ¸ে।
āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: The boy took the eggs.

USES OF A & AN
1. āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāĻ° āĻļুāĻ°ুāĻ¤ে consonant āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে a āĻāĻŦং vowel (a, e, i, o u) āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে an āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: a hen, a boy, a pen, an egg, an apple.

2. āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āĻ•্āĻˇāĻ° h āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ¤া āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻ‰āĻš্āĻšাāĻ°িāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯় āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে a āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻāĻŦং h āĻ‰āĻš্āĻšাāĻ°িāĻ¤ āĻ¨া āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে an āĻŦāĻ¸ে। wa: a horse, a historian, an honest man, an hour.

3. āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāĻ° āĻļুāĻ°ুāĻ¤ে āĻ¯āĻĻি vowel āĻŦা vowels āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ¤া āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻ‡āĻ‰ (u) āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻ‰āĻš্āĻšāĻ°িāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯় āĻ¤াāĻ°āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে a āĻŦāĻ¸ে।  a ewe, a European, a uniform, a university, a useful metal, a unique position.

4. O āĻĻিāĻ¯়ে āĻ—āĻ িāĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸্āĻ¤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে an āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻļুāĻ§ুāĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° One āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে a āĻŦāĻ¸ে।  an open field, an open heart surgery, an opera, an orange, a one taka note, a one eyed man.

5. āĻ¸ংāĻ•্āĻˇিāĻĒ্āĻ¤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāĻ° (abbreviation) āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āĻ•্āĻˇāĻ° Vowel- āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻ‰āĻš্āĻšাāĻ°িāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে an āĻŦāĻ¸ে। an M.A., an F,R,C,S. an F. C. P.S। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ¸ংāĻ•্āĻˇিāĻ¤ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāĻ° (abbreviation)
āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āĻ•্āĻˇāĻ° Consonant āĻāĻ° āĻŽāĻ¤ āĻ‰āĻš্āĻšাāĻ°িāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে a āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: a B.A. a B.A.G. a B.Sc.

OTHER USES OFA & AN
1. āĻāĻ• āĻœাāĻ¤ীāĻ¯় āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ•ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে Singular common noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে indefinite article (a/an āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: a dog is a fathful animal, an ant is industrious.

2. āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻŦা āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুāĻ•ে āĻ¨া āĻŦুāĻিāĻ¯়ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻŦা āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ু āĻ•ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¯় āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে Indefinite Article(a/an āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: He bought an ice cream, I live in a tiny room.

3. The same (āĻāĻ•āĻ‡). The certain (āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•) āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে Singular common noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে (a/an) āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Criminals are of a (the same) character. They are men of a (the same) profession. There lived a (a certain) king.

4. āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ Preposition āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨে a āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়, āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¸েāĻ‡ “a” āĻ•ে Disguised Preposition āĻŦāĻ˛ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ the king wint a (on) hunting.


5. Plural Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে few, little, good, good many, lot of, great, many, good deal āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦেāĻ“ "a" āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: He earns a lot of money. There is a little water in the glass. There are a few apples on the table. He lived a great many years. King Solomon had a great deal of money.

6. āĻ¸ংāĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻŦাāĻšāĻ• expression āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: couple, dozen, score (20), hundred. Thousand million, āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে "a" āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: He earns a hundred taka a day. They sod a dozen pens. At least a million of people attended the meeting. Exclamation āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে what, how such āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻিāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে (a/an) āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Such a long queue, what a pretty girl, How nice a bird. āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি।

7. āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ•িāĻšু Phrase āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে a/an āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: In a body, in a hurry, in a nutshell, in a fix, in a temper, to take an interest.

8. Singular common noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে quite, many, rather, but, more, not āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ¸ে noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে a/an āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Gulliver's Travels is quite an interesting book. Mr. Khan is rather a gentleman. You are but a child. Not a rickshaw is seen on the road.

9. Adjective- āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে so, too āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে āĻ‡āĻšাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে a/an āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: This is too serious a matter for him to overlook. Iron is so useful a metal. The horse is so faithful an animal.

10. āĻ¤ুāĻ˛āĻ¨া āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨে Proper noun āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ Common noun āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯় āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ‡āĻšাāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে a/an āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Nelson Mendela is an Abraham Lincoln in his ideals. I see you are a Wordsworth.

11. Abstract Noun āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ Common Noun- āĻ°ুāĻĒে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯় āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে a/an āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Helen was a beauty.

12. Many āĻāĻŦং such āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে Singular common Noun āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ‡āĻšাāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে a/an āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Many a boy was present in the meeting.

13. Mr/Mrs/Miss- āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে a āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: A Mr. Rahman called at my office. A Mrs. Shamima sought his help.

OMMISSION OF A/AN
1. āĻ–াāĻŦাāĻ°েāĻ° (Meals) āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে a/an āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া। āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻ–াāĻŦাāĻ°েāĻ° (Meals) āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে  Adjective āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ˛ে a/an āĻŦāĻ¸ে।
Incorrect: we have a breakfast at 7 am.
Correct: We have breakfast at 7 am.

Incorrect: we had good breakfast yesterday.
Correct: We had a good breakfast yesterday.

2. Plural Noun - āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে a/an āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Roses are beautiful. Horses are useful.

3. Uncountable Noun āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻ—āĻŖ্āĻ¯ advice, information, news baggage, luggage āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে a/an āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: My teacher gave me good advice. The police failed to get correct information regarding the murder.

4. Water, milk, oil, ink hydrogen, tea paper, āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি uncountable noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে a/an āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: We write on paper, we take tea. Milk is nutritious food. āĻ¤āĻŦে uncountable noun āĻāĻ¸ āĻ¸āĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻ•িāĻ›ু measure Words (āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻĒ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ¯াāĻ¯় āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ) āĻ¯োāĻ— āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে a/an āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Give me a glass of water.

5. Abstract Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে a/an āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Kindness is a great virtue.

USES OF DEFINITE ARTICLE
1. āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¯় āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ Common Noun āĻāĻ° Singular āĻ“ Plural āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯় Number āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: The boys are playing. The girl is reading.āĻāĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ The āĻ•ে Defining “The” āĻŦāĻ˛ে।

2. āĻāĻ• āĻœাāĻ¤ীāĻ¯় āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛āĻ•ে āĻŦুāĻœাāĻ¤ে Singular Common Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: The cow is a useful animal. The rose is a nice flower. āĻ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ The āĻ•ে Generalising “The” āĻŦāĻ˛ে। āĻ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨে The āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĻāĻ¤্āĻ¤ Common Noun āĻŸিāĻ° Plural 13915 SITI The horse is a faithful animal or A horse is a faithful animal or Horses are faithful animals. āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻŦāĻœাāĻ¤ি āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া।
Incorrect: The man is mortal.
Correct: Man is mortal.

3. āĻ¨āĻĻী, āĻ¸াāĻ—āĻ°, āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¸াāĻ—āĻ°, āĻŽāĻšাāĻ¸াāĻ—āĻ°, āĻĒāĻ°্āĻŦāĻ¤āĻļ্āĻ°েāĻŖী, āĻĻ্āĻŦীāĻĒāĻĒুāĻž্āĻœ, āĻœাāĻšাāĻœ āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে।। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: The Andamans, the Himalayas, The Pacific āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻĒāĻ°্āĻŦāĻ¤ āĻ“ āĻĻ্āĻŦীāĻĒ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ˛ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া।āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Sandwip, Hatia, Mount Everest.

4. āĻ§āĻ°্āĻŽāĻ—্āĻ°āĻ¨্āĻĨ āĻ“ āĻĒāĻ¤্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে  The āĻŦāĻ¸ে।
āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ The holy Quran. The observer.

5. āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ু āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨:- āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦী, āĻ¸ূāĻ°্āĻ¯, āĻšāĻ¨্āĻĻ্āĻ°, āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦ, āĻĒāĻļ্āĻšিāĻŽ, āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ°, āĻĻāĻ•্āĻˇিāĻŖ āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: The earth, the moon, āĻāĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ The āĻ•ে Familiar “The” āĻŦāĻ˛ে।

6. āĻŦāĻ°্āĻŖāĻ¨াāĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ• āĻŦা āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨāĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻ­োāĻ—āĻ˛িāĻ• āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: The U.S.A, The U.K.

7. āĻ¤াāĻ°িāĻ–েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: The 10th of November.

8. Possessive Adjective –āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤ে Common Noun āĻāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে The āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: He Struck me on the (my) head. The teacher pulled the boy by the (his) ear.

9. āĻœাāĻ¤ি āĻ“ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĻাāĻ¯়েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: The English. The rich. The poor. Note: āĻœাāĻ¤ি āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĻাāĻ¯় Plural Common Noun āĻšāĻ¯়āĻāĻŦং āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে Plural Verb āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়।

10. Superlative Degree- āĻāĻ° Adjective āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He is the best boy in the class.

11. āĻĻুāĻ‡āĻ¯়েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻ¤ুāĻ˛āĻ¨া āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে Adjective āĻāĻ° coparative Degree āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Ruba is the better of the two girls.

12. āĻ¯āĻ¤ āĻ¤āĻ¤ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে Adverb āĻ°ুāĻĒে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ coparative Degree āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: The sooner the better.

13. āĻ¯ে āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ Noun āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻŦৃāĻ¤্āĻ¤ি āĻŦা āĻĒেāĻļা āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¯় āĻ¸েāĻ‡ Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: He joined the army.

14. Ordinal number āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻ•্āĻˇāĻ° āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ˛েāĻ–া āĻšāĻ¯় āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Edward the seventh. George the sixth. Note: ordinal number āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ Roman figure āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ˛েāĻ–া āĻšāĻ¯় āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ ordinal number āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻ˛িāĻ–āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻ¯় āĻ¨া। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻĒāĻĄ়াāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯় The āĻĒāĻĄ়āĻ¤ে āĻĄāĻ¯়। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Omar ii (Omar the second).

15. āĻ•োāĻ¨ Abstract quality āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে āĻ‰āĻ•্āĻ¤ Adjective āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: People love the brave.

16. āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻŦা āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুāĻ° āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে Abstract Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: The courage of Richard is known to all.

17. Common Noun āĻŦা Adjective āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ Abstract Idea āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¯় āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻ•্āĻ¤ Common Noun āĻŦা Adjective āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: The mother (motherly affection) rose in her.

18. āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻ—ুāĻŖāĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻĻুāĻ‡ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻŦা āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুāĻ° āĻ¸āĻšিāĻ¤ āĻ¤ুāĻ˛āĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¤ুāĻ˛āĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ¯় āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Nazrul is the Shelley of Bengal.

19. Material Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া। āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻŦা āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻŦা āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°েāĻ° āĻĒāĻĻাāĻ°্āĻĨ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ˛ে Material Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: The perfume of Saudi Arabia is famous.

20. āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¸িāĻĻ্āĻ§ āĻāĻ¤িāĻšাāĻ¸িāĻ• āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Ibrahim Lodi was defeated in the battle of Panipath.

21. Proper Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে Adjective āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে āĻ‰āĻ•্āĻ¤ Adjective āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: The great Omar was the second Caliph of Islam.

22. Singular designation (āĻĒāĻĻāĻŦী/ āĻ‰āĻĒাāĻ§ি) āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: The President, the Prime Minister.

23. āĻ•োāĻ¨ Noun āĻŦা āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ Superlative āĻāĻ° āĻ˜ুāĻ°ূāĻ¤্āĻŦ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¯় āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Michael Jackson is the singer of the day.

24. Plural āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। wa: The Mujghals, The Pathans, The Khans.

25. āĻ•োāĻ¨ Adjective/ Adjective Phrase āĻŦা Adjective Clause 'āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ•োāĻ¨ Common Noun āĻ•ে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। Qa: The man who came here yesterday is my friend. The man in white dress is known to me.

26. āĻ¸ংāĻ–্āĻ¯া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļāĻ• āĻ¯ে word āĻāĻ•āĻŸা unit āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨে āĻŦāĻ¸ে, āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: He sells mangoes by the hundred. The man buys eggs by the score.
āĻŦিঃāĻĻ্āĻ°ঃ By the dozens, by the scores, by the hundreds āĻŦāĻ˛া āĻšā§Ÿ।

27. Proper Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻ•োāĻ¨ epithet (āĻ—ুāĻ¨āĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻļুāĻŦ্āĻĻ) āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ‡āĻ˛ে āĻ¸েāĻ‡ epithet āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Alexander, the great was a brave warrior.

28. Musical instruments āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। Hae: He plays the piano.

29. Choir. Orchestra āĻāĻŦং Pop group āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: The Miles. The Abba.

30. āĻĻুāĻ‡ āĻŦা āĻ¤āĻ¤োāĻ§িāĻ• āĻ…āĻŦিāĻŦাāĻšিāĻ¤ āĻŦোāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻ•āĻŸ āĻ˛িāĻ–িāĻ¤ āĻŸিāĻ িāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻŦোāĻ§āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Structure: The Misses + Surname: The Misses Khan.

31. āĻ•িāĻ›ু Phrase āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। 4: He is on the bank of ruin. I am in the wrong.

32. āĻ•āĻ¤িāĻĒāĻ¯় Collective Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Rhe elite, the peasantry, the audience.

33. Adjective āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ¤িāĻĒāĻ¯় Proper Noun āĻŦা Noun+ Preposition+ Proper Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: The national zoo at Mirpur, the National Science museum, the fort of Lalbag.

Article āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāĻ˛ে? Article āĻ•āĻ¤ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ° āĻ“ āĻ•িāĻ•ি? Article āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽ

OMISSION OF ARTICLE
1. āĻŦিāĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ¤ āĻ—্āĻ°āĻ¨্āĻĨেāĻ° āĻ˛েāĻ–āĻ•েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻ—্āĻ°āĻ¨্āĻĨেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻŦে āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ˛েāĻ–āĻ•েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻ¨া āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: The Agnibina of Nazrul or Nazrul's Agnibina.

2. Bed, mosque, church, hospital, prison, school, college, university, court āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨āĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨে (Primary purpose) āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯় āĻŦা āĻĒāĻ°িāĻĻāĻ°্āĻļāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ¯় āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া। After I leave school, I want to go to college (as a student). Mr Rahim is in prison for a murder (as a prisoner) Mr. Karim goes to mosque on Friday (normally a muslim goes to mosque) āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ°োāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨āĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇ āĻ‰āĻĻ্āĻĻেāĻļ্āĻ¯ে āĻĒāĻ°িāĻĻāĻ°্āĻļāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯় āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Mr Khan went to the school to meet his son's teacher (not as a pupil). Mr Rahim went to the prison to see Karim. (as a visitor, not as a prisoner.)

3. Home āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻ¯āĻĻি descriptive word āĻŦা Phrase āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ˛ে home āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া।āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: We went home. He is at home. āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু home āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŸিāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে description Word āĻŦা Phrase āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ˛ে home āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। 
āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: We arrived at the bride's home. For some four or five years this was the home for the queen.

4. āĻ‹āĻ¤ুāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে the āĻŦāĻ¸াāĻ˛েāĻ“ āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ¨া āĻŦāĻ¸াāĻ˛েāĻ“ āĻšāĻ˛ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: The rain has set in. It dews in winter.

5. āĻ°াāĻ¸্āĻ¤া, āĻ্āĻ¯āĻ­িāĻ¨িāĻ‰, āĻ¸্āĻ•āĻ¯়াāĻ°, āĻĒাāĻ°্āĻ•েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: In the morning I go to Bahadurshah park. He bought a shop in park Street. āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ°াāĻ¸্āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻļেāĻˇে riad āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŸিāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ– āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: He bought a shop on the Mirpur Road.

6. āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤: Proper, Abstract. Material āĻ“ plural Common Noun āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া।āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Dhaka is a populous city. Forgiveness is a great virtue. Iron is a useful metal cows given us milk. āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু plural Common Noun faina āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ˛ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨4: The women in the fall are all in red share. The flowers in his garden (not flowers in general) are fine. Note: proper Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻĒāĻĻāĻŦী āĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। pa: The poet Narul is our prid. The caliph Omar was a great ruler.

Abstract Noun āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ—ুāĻŖ āĻ¨া āĻŦুāĻিāĻ¯়ে āĻ āĻ—ুāĻŖ āĻŦিāĻŽিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻŦুāĻাāĻ˛ে āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻ āĻ—ুāĻŖেāĻ° āĻ§āĻ°āĻŖ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ˛ে āĻ‰āĻ•্āĻ¤ Abstract Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ¤াāĻ° plural āĻ“ āĻšāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Nazrul is the glory of Bangladesh. The crimes committed by the rulers are unpardonable.

7. Proper Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে Common Noun āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻ¤া Adjective āĻ°ুāĻĒে āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে Article āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Prinicipal Jalaluddin was a man of Strict Principles.

8. Pronominal Adjective āĻ“ Numeral Adjective āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ•োāĻ¨ Common Noun āĻ•ে qualify āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ‰āĻ•্āĻ¤ Common Noun āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া। (34: This is my Book. Each boy has a separate room.

9. Rank (āĻĒāĻĻāĻŦী) Profession (āĻĒেāĻļা) āĻœাāĻ¤ীāĻ¯় Common Noun āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ•োāĻ¨ Proper Noun āĻāĻ° Apposition āĻ°ূāĻĒে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯় āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Dr. Enamul Haque, vice-Chancellor of Jahangir Nagar University, was a scholar.

10. āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻŦোāĻ§āĻ¨ āĻĒāĻĻāĻ°ুāĻĒে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ Common Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Boys, you are the future leaders of the country.

11. āĻ­াāĻˇাāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: English is an international language. āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ­াāĻˇাāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে Lanuage āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŸি āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে āĻ‰āĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻ­াāĻˇাāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: The English is very interesting to learn.

12. āĻš্āĻ°āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Lake Superior. Lade Baikal. Lade Caspian.

13. āĻĻিāĻ¨ āĻŦা āĻŽাāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Sunday, March.

14. āĻ°োāĻ—েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Cholera has Broken Out in the village.
āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ¤িāĻ•্āĻ°āĻŽ: The gout. The Measles. The mumps.

15. Factitive verb āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: nominate, elect select. make, appoint ,crown, choose āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ­ৃāĻ¤ি verb āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° Complement āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে Article āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: We made him chairman. They elected me captain. āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু Complement āĻŸি āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ˛ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: We made him the captain of the team.

16. Allah or God āĻāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে Article āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Allah has created this earth.

17. āĻļāĻ°ীāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ…āĻ™্āĻ—-āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤āĻ™্āĻ— āĻāĻŦং āĻĒোāĻļাāĻ•-āĻĒāĻ°িāĻš্āĻ›েāĻĻ āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻিāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া। āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¤াāĻ°া Possessive Adjective। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Raise your left hand. He took off his shirt.

18. āĻ–েāĻ˛াāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ঃ He plays football.

19. Possessive Case āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻ•োāĻ¨ Noun āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: It is my book.

20. āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļāĻŖ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•িāĻ¤ āĻ¯াāĻ¨āĻŦাāĻšāĻ¨ āĻŦা āĻ­্āĻ°āĻŽāĻ¨ āĻĒāĻĨেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে Article āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: By bus. By train.

21. Phrase āĻ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ•োāĻ¨ Singular common noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে article āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া।। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Learn by heart. Take offence.


REPETITION OF ARTICLES
1. āĻĻুāĻ‡ āĻŦা āĻ¤āĻ¤োāĻ§িāĻ• Adjective āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ Noun āĻ•ে qualify āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ Noun āĻŸিāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে Article āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: He has a red and white horse.

āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻĻুāĻ‡ āĻŦা āĻ¤āĻ¤োāĻ§িāĻ• Adjective āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ Noun āĻ•ে qualify āĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ Noun āĻ•ে qualify āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻ•āĻŸি Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে a/an āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: I have a red horse and a white horse.

2. āĻĻু'āĻŸি Noun and āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়ে āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻŦা āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুāĻ•ে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ Noun- āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ¯āĻĻি Noun āĻĻুāĻŸি āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻŦা āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ু āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¯় āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯় Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻāĻŦং āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ Verb Plural āĻšāĻ¯়। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: The Headmaster and secretary is present in meeting (āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি)। The Headmaster and the Secretary are present in meeting. (āĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি)

3. Singular Noun - āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻĻুāĻ‡ āĻŦা āĻ¤āĻ¤োāĻ§িāĻ• Adjective āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে āĻ‡āĻšাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻ•āĻŸিāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু Noun āĻŸি Plural āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻļুāĻ§ু āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ Adjective- āĻŸিāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে The āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: I have read the fourth and the fifth chapter of the book.

4. āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯় Article āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¯োāĻ—ে āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨেāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻšāĻ¯়ে āĻ¯াāĻ¯়। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: few āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ে āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ¯় āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻ‡ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¯় āĻ¨া। a few āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ে āĻ…āĻ˛্āĻĒ āĻ¸ংāĻ–্āĻ¯āĻ• āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¯় āĻāĻŦং The few āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ে āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻ…āĻ˛্āĻĒ āĻ¸ংāĻ–্āĻ¯āĻ• āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¯়।
āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: I have a few books. I have few books. I have the few books. āĻ†āĻ° Little āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ে āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ¯় āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻ‡ (āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻŖ) āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¯় āĻ¨া। A little āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ে āĻ¸াāĻŽাāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¯় āĻāĻŦং the little āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ে āĻ¸াāĻŽাāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦāĻŸুāĻ•ুāĻ‡ āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¯়। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: I have little rice. I have a little rice. I have the little rice.

5. āĻ¤ুāĻ˛āĻ¨া āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে āĻĻুāĻŸি Noun āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ•ে āĻ¨িāĻĻেāĻ°্āĻŽ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ Noun āĻŸিāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে article āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু Noun āĻĻুāĻŸি āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻĻুāĻŸি āĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ•ে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻ•āĻŸি object āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে article āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: She is a better singer than dancer. She is a better singer than a dancer.

Article āĻāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ¸্āĻ¤াāĻ°িāĻ¤ āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽ

1. Uncountable noun āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে no article (×) āĻŦāĻ¸ে।
× Temperature is measured in degrees. × Money makes the world go around.

2. Plural nouns āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে no article (×) āĻŦāĻ¸ে।
× Volcanoes are formed by pressure under the earth’s surface.

3. Singular nouns āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে ‘the/a/an’ āĻŦāĻ¸ে।
The computer is a marvelous invention. The elephant lives in family groups.

Note: 1. āĻ¯ে Noun āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ¯াā§Ÿ āĻ¤াāĻ•ে countable noun āĻŦāĻ˛ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: pen, cow, dog āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি।
2. āĻ¯ে Noun āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ¯াā§Ÿ āĻ¨া āĻ¤াāĻ•ে uncountable noun āĻŦāĻ˛ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: air, water, rice, gold āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি।

(i) āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻŖী, āĻļāĻ°ীāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ…āĻ™্āĻ—, āĻ—াāĻ›āĻĒাāĻ˛া, āĻŦাāĻĻ্āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻ¨্āĻ¤্āĻ° āĻ“ āĻœāĻŸিāĻ˛ āĻ†āĻŦিāĻˇ্āĻ•াāĻ° āĻāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĻāĻ¤্āĻ¤ āĻ¤āĻĨ্āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŦাāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¯োāĻœ্āĻ¯ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻĒ্āĻ°াā§ŸāĻ‡ the + singular noun āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻœā§œ āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻ¤āĻĨ্āĻ¯āĻŸি āĻ¸āĻŦাāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¯োāĻœ্āĻ¯ āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া No article + plural noun āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি।

The cow is a domestic animal but the tiger is not. The cow helps us in many ways.
× Books also help us to increase our knowledge.

(ii) ‘man’ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŸি āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻŦāĻœাāĻ¤ি āĻŦুāĻাāĻ˛ে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া ‘man’ āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ•োāĻ¨ো article āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি āĻ¨া।
Man is mortal.

āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŦা āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¯োāĻœ্āĻ¯
āĻ¨িāĻšেāĻ° āĻĒাāĻ ্āĻ¯াংāĻļāĻŸি āĻŽāĻ¨োāĻ¯োāĻ— āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻĒā§œ:
One day I met a lame boy. After talking for a while he showed me an identity card. Seeing the identity card I came to know that he was a university student.

āĻĒাāĻ ্āĻ¯াংāĻļে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ ‘boy, card āĻāĻŦং student’ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻ—ুāĻ˛ো Singular countable āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸি/ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŦুāĻাā§Ÿ। āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে article 'a' āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে।

āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻšেāĻ° āĻĒাāĻ ্āĻ¯াংāĻļāĻŸি āĻŽāĻ¨োāĻ¯োāĻ— āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻĒā§œ:
We were returning home. On the way we met a little girl. The girl was selling × flowers on the street. She was also selling × water.

āĻĒাāĻ ্āĻ¯াংāĻļে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ ‘flowers’ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŸি Plural countable āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻ•ā§ŸেāĻ•āĻŸি āĻŦুāĻাā§Ÿ। āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ°, ‘water’ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŸি Uncountable noun āĻāĻŦং āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻŦুāĻাā§Ÿ। āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻ•োāĻ¨ো article āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§ŸāĻ¨ি।

āĻ¤াāĻ‡, āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻŦা āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে:

Rule:
4. Uncountable noun āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে no article (×) āĻŦāĻ¸ে। āĻ¤āĻŦে Uncountable noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে Adjective āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে āĻ Adjective āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে a/an āĻŦāĻ¸ে।
Our science class mixed × boric acid with × water today.
This day is celebrated in an enthusiastic atmosphere.

5. Plural nouns āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে no article (×) āĻŦāĻ¸ে।
We’re happy when people bring × cookies!

6. Singular nouns āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে 'a/an' āĻŦāĻ¸ে।
Bring an umbrella if it looks like rain. You’ll need a visa to stay for more than ninety days.

āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦুāĻāĻŦে āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ–াāĻ¨ে āĻ¸āĻŦাāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¯োāĻœ্āĻ¯ āĻ¨া āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŦা āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¯োāĻœ্āĻ¯?
āĻāĻŸা āĻŦুāĻাāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ ‘All + noun + everywhere’ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŸি āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ে āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻ িāĻ• āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻ§āĻ°ে āĻ¨িāĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ–াāĻ¨ে āĻ¸āĻŦাāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¯োāĻœ্āĻ¯। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻ িāĻ• āĻ¨া āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে āĻ§āĻ°ে āĻ¨িāĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻāĻ• āĻŦা āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¯োāĻœ্āĻ¯।

The cow lives on grass. — ‘‘All cows everywhere” live on grass. (āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻšā§ŸāĻ¨ি).
A cow gave birth to a calf last night. —‘‘All cows everywhere” gave birth to a calf last night. (āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে āĻ¯া āĻ˜āĻŸা āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦ āĻ¨ā§Ÿ।)

āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ (āĻāĻ•āĻŸি)/ āĻ•িāĻ›ু
āĻ¨িāĻšেāĻ° āĻĒাāĻ ্āĻ¯াংāĻļāĻŸি āĻŽāĻ¨োāĻ¯োāĻ— āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻĒā§œ:
We met a boy at railway station. The boy is an orphan. He was sitting with some flowers and water to sell. The flowers were very fresh but it seems to me the water was not pure.

āĻĒাāĻ ্āĻ¯াংāĻļāĻŸিāĻ¤ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšৃāĻ¤ ‘boy, flowers and water’ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ। āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ– āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে article ‘the’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে।

āĻ¤াāĻ‡ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ (āĻāĻ•āĻŸি)/ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¤ে:
Rule:
7. āĻ…āĻ§িāĻ•াংāĻļ Proper noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে no article (×) āĻŦāĻ¸ে।
My research will be conducted in × Luxembourg.

8. Uncountable nouns āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে 'the' āĻŦāĻ¸ে।
Step two: mix the water with the boric acid. The laughter of my children is contagious.

9. Plural noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে 'the' āĻŦāĻ¸ে।
We recruited the nurses from General Hospital. The projects described in your proposal will be fully funded.

10. Singular noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে 'the' āĻŦāĻ¸ে।
Bring the umbrella in my closet if it looks like rain. Did you get the visa you applied for?

āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦুāĻāĻŦ ‘āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨ āĻŦা āĻ•িāĻ›ু’
(i) āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻĻ্āĻŦিāĻ¤ীā§ŸāĻŸি āĻ¨েāĻ‡
The earth rotates around the sun.

(ii) āĻļ্āĻ°োāĻ¤া āĻ“ āĻŦāĻ•্āĻ¤া āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŦুāĻāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦুāĻাāĻ¨ো āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে
The boss just asked about the report. Meet me in the parking lot after the show.

(iii) āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽāĻŦাāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ–āĻ¸āĻš āĻĻ্āĻŦিāĻ¤ীā§ŸāĻŦাāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ– āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ˛ে
I found a good handout on English articles. The handout is available in online. You can get a giant ice cream cone downtown. If you can eat the cone in five seconds, you get another one free.

(iv) āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽāĻŦাāĻ° āĻ‡āĻ™্āĻ—িāĻ¤āĻ¸āĻš āĻĻ্āĻŦিāĻ¤ীā§ŸāĻŦাāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ– āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ˛ে
Dr. Atiq performed a complicated surgery. He said that the patient was recovering nicely. (āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে surgery āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāĻŸি āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া patient āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ‡āĻ™্āĻ—িāĻ¤ āĻŦুāĻা āĻ¯াā§Ÿ।)

(v) Ordinals āĻ“ superlatives āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে (first, next, primary, most, best, least, etc.)
The first man to set foot on the moon… The greatest advances in medicine…

(vi) Specifiers (one of, only, principle, same/similar etc.) āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে
The sole purpose of our organization is… The only fact we need to consider is…

(vii) Restricters (words, phrases, or clauses āĻ¯া āĻ•োāĻ¨ো noun āĻāĻ° āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨāĻ•ে āĻ¸ীāĻŽাāĻŦāĻĻ্āĻ§ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻĻেā§Ÿ।) āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ˛ে noun āĻŸি āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ¯াā§Ÿ।
Study the chapter on preposition for the test tomorrow. Also study the notes you took at the lecture that Mr Harun gave yesterday.

Article āĻāĻ° āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°

Proper Nouns:
Rule:
11. āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ Proper Noun āĻ•ে Subject āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¤ুāĻ˛āĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ Proper Noun āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া a/ an āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু Proper Noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° prepositional phrase āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া the āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি।
I like the writings of Nazrul. I think he is a Byron. However, we can say, he is the Byron of Bangladesh.

12. āĻāĻ¤িāĻšাāĻ¸িāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ–āĻ¯োāĻ—্āĻ¯ āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨, āĻ­āĻŦāĻ¨, āĻ¸āĻŽুāĻĻ্āĻ°, āĻ¨āĻĻী, āĻ¸ংāĻŦাāĻĻāĻĒāĻ¤্āĻ°, āĻŽāĻ°ুāĻ­ূāĻŽি, āĻšোāĻŸেāĻ˛, āĻ¸িāĻ¨েāĻŽা, āĻŽিāĻ‰āĻœিā§ŸাāĻŽ āĻ“ āĻ—্āĻ¯াāĻ˛াāĻ°িāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া ‘the’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি।
The Taj Mahal is the symbol of love. Emperor Shahjahan built it to immortalize his love for his wife Mumtaj. It stands on the Jamuna.

13. āĻ¯েāĻ¸āĻŦ Proper noun āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া republic, state, union āĻŦা group āĻŦুāĻাā§Ÿ āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া ‘the’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি।
The United Kingdom and The United States are the most powerful countries of the world now.

14. Noun + preposition + Noun āĻĻিā§Ÿে āĻ¯ে proper noun āĻ—āĻ িāĻ¤ āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া ‘the’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি।
I am a student of the University of Dhaka. The students of Dhaka University played a great role in the Language Movement.

Note: āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻŦা āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ু āĻŦা āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻŖী āĻŦা āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻœāĻ¸্āĻŦ āĻ¨াāĻŽāĻ•ে Proper noun āĻŦāĻ˛ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Jisan is a good boy, I like Rahim āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি।

Jobs and Positions:
15. āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻĒāĻĻ (position) āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া ‘the’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻĒāĻĻ (position) āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻ•োāĻ¨ো Proper noun āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻŦা āĻĒāĻĻ āĻ¯āĻĻি Complement āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻ•োāĻ¨ো article āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া।
The Headmaster praised me yesterday. But Principal Rafiqul Islam did not like it. So I will campaign so that the members of the association do not elect him President.

Note: Verb āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ¯ে noun āĻŦা adjective āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤ী subject āĻ•ে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻ•ে complement āĻŦāĻ˛ে। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: He is honest. He is a girl . He is a singer. We made him chairman. āĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻĻি।

16. Singular noun āĻ¯āĻĻি Abstract idea āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে ‘the’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§Ÿ।
The mother rose in her. We should control the beast in us. Here ‘mother’ means quality of a mother. āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে 'mother' āĻāĻ° āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে ’āĻŽাāĻ¤ৃāĻ¤্āĻŦ’ āĻ¯া āĻāĻ•āĻŸি Abstract Idea।

Adjective/ Verb/ Adverb/Person/Preposition:
17. (i) āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া adjective/ adverb/ verb āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻ•োāĻ¨ো article āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি āĻ¨া। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Fahima is × brilliant.

(ii) āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু adjective āĻ¯āĻĻি noun āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে ‘the’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: She always helps the poor.

(iii) verb āĻ¯āĻĻি noun āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া ‘a/an’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: She everyday goes out for a walk in the morning.
(iv) Adjective āĻāĻŦং Noun āĻāĻ° āĻŽাāĻে āĻ•োāĻ¨ো Article āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§ŸāĻ¨া। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: Fahima is a brilliant × student.

18. Proper noun āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে Adjective āĻŦāĻ¸āĻ˛ে, āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻ Adjective āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে ‘the ’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি।
Akbar the Great was an emperor of Delhi. [āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে Akbar - Proper noun; Great - adjective]

19. Adjective āĻāĻ° Comparative form āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে ‘of the two’ āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে āĻ adjective āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া ‘the’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি।
Bina is the younger of the two girls.

20. Double comparative āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻ‰āĻ­ā§ŸāĻŸিāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে ‘the’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি।
The higher we fly, the harder we fall. The more, the merrier.

21. Possessive/ Determiner āĻāĻ° āĻ†āĻ—ে āĻŦা āĻĒāĻ°ে āĻ•োāĻ¨ো article āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া।
My × pen is red. I saw there some × boys and girls. You will be paid 300 taka × each day.

Determiner: Determiner āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻ āĻ¯েāĻ—ুāĻ˛ো Noun āĻŦা Noun phrase āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻŦāĻ¸ে Noun āĻŦা Noun phrase āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻ¸ংāĻ–্āĻ¯া, āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻŦা āĻ¸েāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸāĻ¤া āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ে।

Parts of the body:
Rule:
22. āĻ…āĻ™্āĻ— āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া possessives āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি; āĻ¤āĻŦে preposition āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে ‘the’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি।
She broke her leg climbing. She has been shot in the leg.

Illness:
23. āĻ°োāĻ— āĻŦা āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻĨাāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ uncountable। āĻ¤াāĻ‡ āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে article āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া।
She never had × measles. I have got × toothache again.

24. āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু Aches, pains, growths, attack āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•িāĻ¤ āĻ°োāĻ—। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: cough, headache, cold, stroke āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া ‘a/ an’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি। I have got a horrible cold.

Place/object āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা activity noun:
25. School, College, Market, Bed, Hospital, Prison, Mosque, Temple, Church, Court āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ activting āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻ•োāĻ¨ো Article āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি āĻ¨া। āĻ¤āĻŦে object/place/secondary āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ˛ে ‘the’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি।
The patient was admitted to × hospital. (Primary purpose)
I went to the hospital to see the patient. (Secondary purpose)
We ate × dinner together dinner was delicious.

Sports, Language, festivals and disciplines:
26. Sports, discipline, language, festival āĻāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻāĻŦং society, nature, space, relation āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻ•োāĻ¨ো Article āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া।
× Bangla is our mother tongue. × Cricket is my favourite game. × Mother manages the finances in our family. I took × physics instead of × biology.

Measurements:
27. ‘by’ āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻĒāĻ•েāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া ‘the’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু ‘āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤ি’ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨে āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻĒāĻ•েāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে ‘a/ an’ āĻŦāĻ¸ে।
Do you sell the eggs by the dozen? ~ Yes I do. 100 taka a dozen.
Rekha earns five thousand taka a month. (Here ‘a’ means ‘every’)

Musical Instrument:
28. Musical instrument āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ the āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি। āĻ¤āĻŦে jazz, pop, classic music āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ•োāĻ¨ো Article āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি āĻ¨া।
The violin is really difficult. Who is playing the piano? I like × pop music.

Media, Communication & Entertainment:
29. āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦিāĻ¨োāĻĻāĻ¨ āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻŦুāĻাāĻ˛ে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ the āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻāĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻĒেāĻļাāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ•োāĻ¨ো Article āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি āĻ¨া।
I always listen to the radio while doing my homework.
He has worked in radio and television all his life.

Days, Months and Seasons:
30. (i) Period of time (5 minutes, 7 years etc.), dawn, dusk, night, noon, āĻĻিāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ, āĻŽাāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ, āĻ‹āĻ¤ুāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া Article āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি āĻ¨া।

(ii) āĻ¤āĻŦে Morning, afternoon, evening, decades, centuries āĻ“ histroic periods āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে ‘the’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি।
× February is the second month of the year.
Jack, meet me on Thursday. ~ Ok. I will in the morning.

(iii) āĻŽাāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻŦা āĻ¸āĻĒ্āĻ¤াāĻšেāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ•্āĻ°āĻŽāĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে āĻ āĻ•্āĻ°āĻŽāĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে the āĻŦāĻ¸ে।

Double Expression:
31. āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇāĻ•āĻ°ে preposition āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ double expressions āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻ•োāĻ¨ো article āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি āĻ¨া।
With knife and fork, day after day, husband and wife, from top to bottom.

Meals:
32. Meal āĻāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻ•োāĻ¨ো article āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি āĻ¨া। āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে Adjective āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে a/ an āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি।
I took × breakfast at 8:00 am.
It was an excellent breakfast.

Transports:
33. ‘By + transport’ āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻ•োāĻ¨ো article āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি āĻ¨া। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া article āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি।
I will not go by × launch again. When I was in the launch yesterday, I got very frightened.

Roads:
34. road āĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻ°াāĻ¸্āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া ‘the’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি; āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু street, lane, square or avenue āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ•োāĻ¨ো article āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি āĻ¨া।
I live in Jigatola near × Rifles Square. Two years back, I was in × Bonogram lane that originates from the BCC Road which is a branch of × Rankeen street.

Casts, Nationals:
35. āĻŦāĻšুāĻŦāĻšāĻ¨ āĻ—োāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻŦা āĻŦংāĻļ āĻŦা āĻœাāĻ¤ি āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া ‘the’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি।
The Khans, the Pathans.

Physical Environment:
36. āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া town, country, seaside, sea, wind, rain, weather, sunshine etc āĻāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে ‘the’ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি।
I love listening to the wind.

37. āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ•িāĻ›ু Phrase/idioms/proverbs āĻ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ article āĻŦāĻ¸ে।

38. Unit: āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŽাāĻĒ āĻŦাāĻšāĻ• unit āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে one āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨে a/an āĻŦāĻ¸ে।

39. How/what/such/so
Such/what āĻāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° singular countable noun āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে a/an āĻŦāĻ¸ে।
What a beautiful bird it is?
I have never seen such an incident.

How āĻ“ so āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে a/an āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨ো noun phrase āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻ¨া āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ িāĻ• noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে āĻŦāĻ¸ে।
× How a beautiful bird it is!
√ How beautiful a bird it is!

40. Collective Noun: Collective noun āĻāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে the āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি। āĻ•িāĻ›ু common noun āĻ¨িā§Ÿে āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸি group āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ group āĻāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽāĻŸি collective noun। āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨: āĻ•িāĻ›ু soldiers āĻŽিāĻ˛ে āĻšā§Ÿ army; āĻ•িāĻ›ু students āĻŽিāĻ˛ে āĻšā§Ÿ class।
He pined the army in 1990.

Article at a glance
āĻ†āĻ°ো āĻ­াāĻ˛োāĻ­াāĻŦে article āĻ†ā§ŸāĻ¤্āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻ¨িāĻšেāĻ° āĻšাāĻ°্āĻŸāĻŸি āĻ˛āĻ•্āĻˇ āĻ•āĻ°। āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে A, AN āĻāĻŦং THE āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽ āĻĻেāĻ–াāĻ¨ো āĻšāĻ˛:

āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻ°াāĻ–āĻŦে, Article āĻ¸āĻ িāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ¤োāĻŽাāĻ•ে noun āĻŸি countable āĻ¨া uncountable āĻ¤া āĻŦুāĻāĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে।

"a" āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা "an" āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°
āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽ (General Rules)
Singular Countable noun āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ ‘āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨/ āĻāĻ•āĻŸি’; ‘āĻāĻ•āĻŸি’; ‘‘āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨে’’ āĻŦোāĻাā§Ÿ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ "a" āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা "an" āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°।
➤ Alif is a student. (āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻ›াāĻ¤্āĻ°েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨।)
➤ I like a good movie. (āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻŽুāĻ­িāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸি।)

āĻ•োāĻ¨ো paragraph āĻŦা āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻš্āĻ›েāĻĻ āĻ˛েāĻ–াāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻāĻ•āĻŸি noun āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽāĻŦাāĻ° āĻ˛েāĻ–াāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ "a" āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা "an" āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°।
➤ I saw a movie last night. Movies are really very good to see at night.
➤ A man came to you yesterday.

āĻ¨াāĻŽ/āĻļিāĻ°োāĻ¨াāĻŽ/āĻĒāĻĻāĻŦী (Title)
āĻ¨াāĻŽ/āĻļিāĻ°োāĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ¨া āĻšāĻ˛ে "a" āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা "an" āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°।
➤ a poet
➤ a principal
➤ an entertainer

āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ (Names of Countries)
āĻ…āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻšāĻ˛ে,
➤ a country

āĻļāĻšāĻ° āĻāĻŦং āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ (Names of Citis and States) āĻ…āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻšāĻ˛ে,
➤ a city
➤ a state

āĻŽāĻšাāĻ¸াāĻ—āĻ°, āĻ¸াāĻ—āĻ°, āĻ¨āĻĻী, āĻŽāĻ°ুāĻ­ূāĻŽি, āĻŦāĻ¨, āĻ–াāĻ˛ - āĻāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ (Names of Oceans, Rivers, Seas, Deserts, Forests, Canals)
āĻ…āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻŦোāĻাāĻ˛ে, a/ an āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে।
➤ an ocean
➤ a river
➤ a sea
➤ a desert

āĻ˛েāĻ•েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ (Names of Lake)
āĻ…āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻŦোāĻাāĻ˛ে - 
➤ a Lake

āĻ¸ৌāĻ§, āĻĒাāĻ°্āĻ•, āĻœাāĻ¤ীā§Ÿ āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ (Names of Memorials, Monuments, Parks and National places)
āĻ…āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻŦিāĻ˛্āĻĄিং āĻŦা āĻ¸ৌāĻ§েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে a/an āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে - 
➤ a building
➤ a museum

āĻ•āĻ˛েāĻœ, āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āĻ¯াāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ¸্āĻ•ুāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ (Names of College, Universities and other schools)
āĻ…āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ¸্āĻ•ুāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ˛েāĻœেāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে a/an āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে - 
➤ a school
➤ a university

"the" āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°
āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽ (General Rules)
āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ noun āĻŸি āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻŦোāĻাā§Ÿ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ "the" āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°।
āĻ‰āĻĻাāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸্āĻŦāĻ°ূāĻĒ noun āĻŸি āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°েāĻ° āĻļুāĻ§ুāĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ•ে āĻŦোāĻাā§Ÿ।
➤ Harun was the first man. (āĻāĻ•āĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি।)
➤ Have you heard the news? (āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ–āĻŦāĻ°)

āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ noun āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ paragraph āĻ āĻĻ্āĻŦিāĻ¤ীā§Ÿ āĻŦাāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ– āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽā§Ÿ "the" āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°।
➤ I read a poem of Shakespeare. The poem was about love.
➤ A man came to you yesterday. The man was very strange.

āĻ¨াāĻŽ/āĻļিāĻ°োāĻ¨াāĻŽ/āĻĒāĻĻāĻŦী (Title)
āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ° āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻĒāĻĻāĻŦী āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ 'the' āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°।
➤ the doctor
➤ the president of Bangladesh
➤ the manager of the bank

āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ (Names of Countries)
āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻ¯āĻĻি plural āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻ•োāĻ¨ো group āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¤াāĻšāĻ˛ে 'the' āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°।
➤ the United States
➤ the Netherlands
➤ the Philippines

āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ­ৌāĻ—োāĻ˛িāĻ• āĻāĻ˛াāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ (Names of Some Geographical Areas)
āĻ¨িāĻšেāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে 'the' āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে
➤ the South Pole
➤ the West
➤ the South

āĻŽāĻšাāĻ¸াāĻ—āĻ°, āĻ¸াāĻ—āĻ°, āĻ¨āĻĻী, āĻŽāĻ°ুāĻ­ূāĻŽি, āĻŦāĻ¨, āĻ–াāĻ˛ - āĻāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ (Names of Oceans, Rivers, Seas, Deserts, Forests, Canals)
āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻŽāĻšাāĻ¸াāĻ—āĻ° āĻ•ে āĻŦোāĻাāĻ˛ে, "the" āĻŦāĻ¸ে।
➤ the Pacific Ocean
➤ the Mediterraneaan Sea
➤ the Attantic Ocean
➤ the Patomac River

āĻ¸ৌāĻ§, āĻĒাāĻ°্āĻ•, āĻœাāĻ¤ীā§Ÿ āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ (Names of Memorials, Monuments, Parks and National places)
āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻŦিāĻ˛্āĻĄিং āĻŦা āĻ¸ৌāĻ§েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে 'the' āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে - 
➤ the National Memorial
➤ the Shaheed Minar
➤ the White House
➤ the Eiffel Tower

āĻ•āĻ˛েāĻœ, āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āĻ¯াāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ¸্āĻ•ুāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ (Names of College, Universities and other schools)
āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻ¸্āĻ•ুāĻ˛, āĻ•āĻ˛েāĻœ āĻŦা āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āĻ¯াāĻ˛ā§ŸেāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে 'of' āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা 'for āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ¤āĻŦে 'the' āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে
➤ the University of Dhaka
➤ the University of Chittagong
➤ the University of Maryland

āĻ•োāĻ¨ো article āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ° āĻ¨া
āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ¨িā§ŸāĻŽ (General Rules)
āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸি uncountable noun āĻ¸াāĻŽāĻ—্āĻ°িāĻ• āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨে āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻ¸āĻŦাāĻ‡āĻ•ে āĻŦা āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻ•ে āĻŦোāĻাā§Ÿ āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ article āĻšāĻŦে āĻ¨া।
➤ We believe in × love. ('love' uncountable noun āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে āĻ¤া āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ¨ā§Ÿ। āĻāĻ–াāĻ¨ে āĻ¤া āĻ¸াāĻŽāĻ—্āĻ°িāĻ•।)

āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ•োāĻ¨ো plural countable noun āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ āĻœাāĻ¤ীā§Ÿ āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ•ে āĻŦা āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ¸ংāĻ–্āĻ¯āĻ• āĻ•ে āĻŦোāĻাāĻŦে āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ article āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে āĻ¨া।
➤ Movies are entertaining. (āĻ•িāĻ›ু movies; āĻ¸াāĻŽāĻ—্āĻ°িāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে)
➤ × Mangoes are juicy. (āĻ¸াāĻŽāĻ—্āĻ°িāĻ• āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨে।)

āĻ¨াāĻŽ/āĻļিāĻ°োāĻ¨াāĻŽ/āĻĒāĻĻāĻŦী (Title)
āĻ¸āĻ°াāĻ¸āĻ°ি āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻĒāĻĻāĻŦী āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛ে article āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°োāĻ¨া।
➤ President Obama
➤ Dr. Javed
➤ Queen Elizabeth

āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ (Names of Countries)
āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦেāĻ° āĻĻুāĻ‡āĻŸি āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻ›াā§œা article āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে āĻ¨া।
➤ Bangladesh
➤ India
➤ Russia
➤ Sri Lanka

āĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ (Names of Continents)
āĻŽāĻšাāĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে article āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে āĻ¨া।
➤ Asia
➤ Africa
➤ Europe

āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ­ৌāĻ—োāĻ˛িāĻ• āĻāĻ˛াāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ (Names of Some Geographical Areas)
āĻ¨িāĻšেāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে article āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে āĻ¨া।
➤ Western Europe
āĻļāĻšāĻ° āĻāĻŦং āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ (Names of Citis and States)

āĻļāĻšāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে article āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে āĻ¨া।
➤ Dhaka
➤ Paris
➤ Mumbai

āĻ°াāĻ¸্āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ (Names of Streets)
āĻ°াāĻ¸্āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে article āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে āĻ¨া।
➤ Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue
➤ Bijoy Soroni
➤ Manik Mia Avenue
➤ Fourth Street

āĻŽāĻšাāĻ¸াāĻ—āĻ°, āĻ¸াāĻ—āĻ°, āĻ¨āĻĻী, āĻŽāĻ°ুāĻ­ূāĻŽি, āĻŦāĻ¨, āĻ–াāĻ˛ - āĻāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ (Names of Oceans, Rivers, Seas, Deserts, Forests, Canals)
āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻ˛েāĻ•েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে article āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে āĻ¨া।
➤ Lake Baikal

āĻ˛েāĻ•েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ (Names of Lake)
āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻ˛েāĻ•েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦে articlel āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে āĻ¨া।
➤ Lake Baikal

āĻ•āĻ˛েāĻœ, āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āĻ¯াāĻ˛ā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ¸্āĻ•ুāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ (Names of College, Universities and other schools)
āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¸্āĻ•ুāĻ˛, āĻ•āĻ˛েāĻœ āĻŦা āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āĻ¯াāĻ˛ā§ŸেāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽ āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦা āĻœাā§ŸāĻ—াāĻ° āĻ¨াāĻŽে āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¤াāĻ¤ে āĻ•োāĻ¨ো 'of' āĻŦা 'for' āĻĨাāĻ•ে āĻ¨া,
āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ article āĻŦāĻ¸ে āĻ¨া।
➤ Dhaka University
➤ Rajshahi University
➤ Harvard University
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